[Annotatie]: Compendium 2 of the Spirit Beings in European Folklore-series covers the German-speaking parts of Central Europe, the Low Countries, the Baltic region and Finland.[Inhoudsopgave]: Introduction8 Aitvaras11 Ajatar13 Alb or Alp14 Alke19 Almgeist21 Alpenmännchen 21 Alpmutter22 Angzrerweibl22 Aufhocker22 Aulkes23 Bachhund24 Bahkauv24 Barstukken25 Beatrik26 Bergmanderl26 Bergmönch26 Biersal27 Bilwis or Bilwiz28 Birkenjungfer30 Bisterk Ding30 Blauhütl31 Blutschink31 Bombatsche Kätchen31 Boreas or Sturmgeister32 Borries32 Böxenwolf33 Busebeller33 Butzemann or Putz34 Chlungeri36 Dockele37 Dachsteinweibl37 Dialen37 Donanadl38 Donaumandl38 Doppelgänger39 Doppelsauger 41 Drak41 Drud42 Ebajalg 44 Eismanndl(e) 44 Ekerken46 Elbst46 Elementals or Elementalgeister47 Elwetritsch48 Elves 48 Emuu50 Erdhenne51 Fänggen53 Fenixmännlein53 Feurige Hund55 Feurige Männer 55 Feuerputz or Feuermann56 Flodder57 Föhrweibele57 Frau Gauden58 Frau Holle58 Freil61 Gabwartus 62 Genius cucullatus62 German field demons63 Gierach 63 Gierfraß 64 Glöckler64 Gnomes65 Gongers67 Graumännchen67 Greiss67 Habergeiß68 Haltija or Haltia69 Haselwurm72 Hausschmiedlein75 Hehmann75 Heidenfräulein75 Heinzelmännchen75 Hiisi76 Hinzelmann77 Hödeken78 Hommelstommel78 Hoymann79 Irrlicht79 Irrwurzeln80 Jievaras81 Kabouter82 Kaolmenke or Kaspar83 Kasertörggelen83 Kaukas or Kaukutis84 Kautek88 Kiddelhund89 Kielkropp89 Klaboutermann89 Kludde90 Kobold91 Kodukäija94 Koolhoas94 Kornmann94 Krampus97 Kratt98 Kuhwampen99 Kupol100 Kurbur the Klabauf100 Lange Wapper101 Langtüttin102 Lauk dvasios 102 Lauma 104 Laum105 Lauterfresser106 Leckfräulein106 Leeton107 Lietuvns107 Lindwurm108 Loreley108 Ludki or Luttchen109 Luupainaja109 Marluzine111 Mtes111 Menninkäinen113 Mermaid113 Metsaema115 Metshaldjas116 Metsavana117 Mittagsfrau117 Moort or Mahr(t)120 Moosgeiß121 Moosweiblein121 Mountain-spirits or Berggeister124 Murbl128 Nachtahnl129 Nachtgiger130 Nachtkrabb130 Nachtpferd Zawudschawu133 Nachzehrer 133 Napf-Hans134 Neuntöter135 Nixe, Wasserfrau, Wassermann135 Nörgelen138 Oligsmännchen139 Ossaert139 Otso or Metsän kuningas139 Oude Rode Ogen140 Painajainen 140 Para140 Peko141 Perchta141 Petermännchen144 Picullus144 Piniukas145 Piru145 Platschmrechen146 Poltergeist148 Pompwief149 Puck or Puk150 Pis152 Querxe152 Roesschaert154 Ròggemouer154 Roggenhund or Kornhund155 Roggenmuhme155 Roggenwolf160 Rübezahl or Liczyrzepa161 Runsa163 Rüttelweiber164 Salamanders166 Salige Frauen 167 Sandman167 Sauzagel 168 Schabbock170 Schlitzöhrchen171 Schrat171 Schrätteli or Schrättele172 Sgönaunken172 Slogutis173 Sommeltjes174 Spillaholle174 Spoukhoas175 Stafia175 Stalo176 Stampa177 Steinklammgretel178 Steipmännchen178 Stüpp178 Sumpuri181 Swan Maiden181 Sylphs181 Syöjätär184 Tatzelwurm or Stollenwurm185 Tobelhocker187 Uldra188 Undine188 Unkatl189 Vadtjs190 Vanapagan190 Veen emonen191 Vls191 Vellamo and Athi192 Velns192 Vetevana192 Waldweibchen von Wilhelmsdorf193 Walen194 Wassermann195 Wechselbalg195 Wehklage195 Werewolf196 Winselmutter208 Wichtel or Wichtelen209 Wiedergänger211 Wilde Jagd or Wilde Goich212 Wild Man 214 Windgspral 216 Witte wieven and Weiße Frauen 216 Wolpertinger218 Wouzl218 Zmora219 Zonnet222 Spirit Beings that entered European culture via the Ashkenazi and the Levant224 Abyzou224 Agrat bat Mahalath225 Alabasandria226 Alukah226 Dybbuk or Dibbuk227 Eisheth Zenunim231 Estrie232 Ghoul234 Lilith and the Lilin 235 Mazzikin238 Naamah238 Onoskelis239 Serm240 Shedim241 Sheid beit ha-Kisset and ulak242 Literature and digital sources244 From the same series250[Flaptekst]: Compendium 2 of the Spirit Beings in European Folklore-series covers the German-speaking parts of Central Europe, the Low Countries, the Baltic region and Finland. Via the Ashkenazi Jews, spirit beings from the Middle East entered Central European culture, which are also included. This originally densely forested part of the continent is particularly rich in nature-spirits and has a wide variety of beings that dwell in forests and mountainous areas (Berggeister) or act as atmospheric forces. Also dominant are the many field-spirits and variations of Alp-like creatures (Mare, Nightmare). There is an overlap with the Nordic and Eastern European Revenant and Vampire-types, and we find several water- and sea-spirits. Among the German-speaking and Baltic peoples, invoking field-spirits was an integrated part of agriculture, with rites continuing into the early 20th century. The Alpine regions have spirits who watch over cattle. In general, forest-spirits are prominent. Germany has its Moosweiblein and Wilder Mann (Woodwose), the Baltic region has its Mtes, and Finland its Metsän Väki. Then there are ghostly animals, and earth- and house-spirits such as the many kinds of Kobolds, the Dutch Kabouter, and the Kaukas of Prussia and Latvia. Compendium 2 discusses 228 spirit beings in detail, including their alternative names, with additional references to related or subordinate beings and a unique selection of illustrations.
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