This text was developed for the AAPM 2011 Summer School. The focus of the summer school is to: (a) understand the potential sources of dosimetric uncertainties in radiotherapy: (b) evaluate the impact of these uncertainties on the accuracy and conformity of dose delivered to patients: (c) understand strategies for mitigating these uncertainties, and (d) understand the impact of these uncertainties on QA/QM. Summer School program objectives were to provide in-depth understanding of sources of uncertainties in external beam radiotherapy planning and delivery. Provide practical guidance in assessing the overall uncertainty of delivered dose to patients treated with different technologies. Provide practical guidance on mitigating sources of uncertainties and strategies for dealing with residual uncertainties. Impress upon the fact that \"What You See Is Not What You Get (WYSINWYG)\" and how to deal with it on patient-by-patient basis. The images in this eBook are in color.